Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics

Norm Internalization of Western Powers (United States, United Kingdom, and France) Regarding Respect for Human Rights in the International Community

Yekta Behnam Roudsari

, Afshin Zargar *

, Zeinab Esmati

The protection of humanity is considered one of the most important claims made by officials of Western powers within the international system. Over the past years, this issue has provided the grounds for unlawful interventions by the United States in various regions of the world. Nevertheless, a review of the United States’ performance in the field of international human rights, along with the complicity of France and the United Kingdom, confirms the reality that these countries themselves are among the primary violators of human rights and lack the legitimacy to comment on such matters. Therefore, these states must be held accountable before global public opinion due to their dark records. The question then arises: how can these states be normatively compelled to respect human rights standards so that order and justice are properly established within the international community? In this study, by examining normative theory and employing the method of data collection, the approach was reached that by reducing the role of nation-states—particularly the sovereign aspect—strengthening the idea of the global community, reinforcing principles and values such as order and justice, and moderating power-seeking through international organizations, it is largely possible to persuade the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to adhere in practice to the standards of human rights.

The Geopolitical Importance of the Shiite Crescent and Its Future in Global Developments

Sajad Kamri *

The Shiite Crescent, which includes Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen, plays a vital role in the political, economic, and security developments of the Middle East and the broader international arena. Due to its geographical location and religious affiliations, this region has become a center of complex rivalries among global and regional powers. The policies of the United States and Russia—particularly regarding their support for or opposition to Iran and its affiliated groups—have significant impacts on the internal and security dynamics of these countries. The future of the Shiite Crescent, especially in the face of external threats such as sanctions and international pressures, will continue to present both challenges and opportunities as a key region for global rivalries. Strengthening ties with non-Western powers such as China and Russia, as well as fostering internal cooperation among the countries in this region, can serve as opportunities for economic advancement and the reinforcement of the Shiite Crescent’s political standing on the global stage. However, internal crises, regional rivalries, and security threats may pose serious risks to regional and global stability. Overall, the Shiite Crescent is likely to remain a strategic and influential actor in international affairs.

Retributive Criminal Justice and Recidivism

Mahsa Ardalani

; Mahmoud Habibitabar *

; Seyed Aliasghar Mirshojaei

The present study aims to investigate the role of deterrence through punishment and the implementation of retributive criminal justice in recidivism, with particular emphasis on the role of restorative justice in the repetition of criminal behavior. It further examines the improper implementation of rehabilitative and reformative punishments and their effect on recidivism, and offers legislative strategies for reducing and preventing crime in society. The research method employed in this study is library-based in terms of data collection and is categorized under note-taking as the collection technique. Moreover, this study is considered both comparative and deductive in nature. The findings of this research indicate that retributive criminal justice is crime-centered, and that the offender must face a punitive reaction equivalent to the moral harm they have caused. In contrast, in restorative justice, the legislator seeks to improve the treatment of the offender and aims to reduce the likelihood of recidivism through proper rehabilitation and supportive measures. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that neither approach can be deemed entirely correct or entirely flawed. Each approach yields different results depending on varying cultural, social, political, economic, and behavioral conditions. Therefore, the impact of these approaches on recidivism is contingent upon multiple factors.

Possible Legal Protections for Paintings Used in Architecture

Masoomeh Mobarakian

; Morteza Shahbazinia *

; Sattar Zarkalam

Intellectual property law in the fields of architecture and painting has become a reliable foundation for the development of knowledge and technology, as well as the secure commercialization of scientific and technical achievements in the realm of cultural works. The present study aims to examine the possible legal protections for paintings used in architecture. The research method is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources. The findings indicate that legal protections for paintings incorporated into architecture, as part of artistic and creative works, benefit from multiple legal capacities in both Iranian and international law. These protections include copyright, patent rights, neighboring rights, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. Copyright protects paintings used in architecture as an element of artistic creativity by granting the creator exclusive rights through registration and legal guarantees. In cases where a specific innovation or technology plays a role in the creation or execution of paintings, patent protection may also be applicable. Neighboring rights can be used to safeguard the rights of performers or individuals involved in the reproduction or execution of these paintings. Moreover, artificial intelligence, with capabilities such as identification, registration, monitoring, and even the creation of new works, facilitates better management of intellectual property rights. In advanced legal systems, artificial intelligence can be employed for digital registration of works, detection of copyright infringements, and enforcement of intellectual property rights in international projects. In summary, integrating these legal capacities within Iranian and global legal systems can ensure comprehensive protection of architectural paintings and provide support for artists, architects, and stakeholders of such works. However, the adaptation and revision of existing laws are necessary to address emerging challenges.

Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

Mohammad Yasin Yazdani

; Maryam Moradi *

; Sohrab Salahi

This study examines Iran’s diplomatic strategies in port engineering development, assessing how international partnerships and geopolitical dynamics influence maritime infrastructure expansion. The research employs a descriptive analysis method, utilizing qualitative content analysis of academic literature, policy documents, and international trade agreements. Data sources include scholarly articles, government reports, and regional cooperation frameworks published between 2021 and 2025. The study explores Iran’s bilateral and multilateral diplomatic engagements, including partnerships with China, India, and Russia, as well as its participation in regional organizations such as the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The analysis focuses on the impact of sanctions, investment barriers, and technological constraints on Iran’s maritime trade policies and port modernization efforts. The study finds that Iran’s port development is heavily shaped by diplomatic engagements, economic sanctions, and strategic alliances with non-Western partners. While Iran has leveraged agreements with China, India, and Russia to secure infrastructure investment and expand trade corridors, financial and technological limitations continue to hinder full-scale modernization. The role of regional cooperation has been instrumental in maintaining maritime connectivity, but sanctions have restricted Iran’s access to global financial institutions and technological advancements. The analysis also highlights both successful and failed diplomatic negotiations in port expansion, illustrating the challenges and opportunities in Iran’s maritime sector. Iran’s diplomatic approach to port development has allowed it to partially circumvent economic restrictions and integrate into alternative trade networks. Strengthening regional alliances, investing in port technology, and enhancing trade diversification strategies will be essential for long-term economic sustainability and global trade competitiveness.

Settlement of Disputes in Shared Water Law with an Emphasis on Judicial Precedent

Seyyedeh Parisa Jalili

, Atefeh Amininia *

, Maryam Afshari

The scope of international law’s jurisdiction over shared rivers, freshwater resources, and other related matters has been established through treaties such as those of Barcelona, Iran and Iraq, Algeria, and Helmand, as well as regional conventions in Europe and the Amazon. These agreements have formed the basis of international water law for its subjects. Regarding the resolution of disputes in this domain, it must be noted that today, international judicial bodies, particularly the International Court of Justice (ICJ), serve as the primary authority in identifying customary international rules. The role of international judicial precedent in interpreting existing legal rules and declaring the customary status of such rules has led to the recognition of Article 38 of the ICJ Statute as a subsidiary source of international law. This means that the ICJ does not directly engage in rule-making but is responsible for identifying existing rules and clarifying ambiguities to facilitate dispute resolution between states. Although the ICJ does not consider the interests and concerns of border populations as a determining factor in defining territorial boundaries and does not directly establish borders based on this criterion, its rulings take into account the interests and concerns of border populations affected by such borders. The Court encourages states to consider this factor when demarcating their borders. In practice, states have demonstrated a degree of recognition of human factors, including environmental considerations, in defining and maintaining their borders. This legal perspective has gradually taken shape among states. Given the significance of borders and the legal framework of shared water resources, this study adopts a descriptive-analytical method to examine the resolution of disputes in shared water law, with an emphasis on judicial precedent.

Tourism Law and Crime Prevention Measures in the Tourism Industry

Sara Rostami *

; Ramin Faghani

Tourism law and crime prevention in countries, as well as the creation of a safe environment and location for tourists, along with adequate awareness and education in this regard, are of significant importance. The present research employs a library-based method and follows a descriptive-analytical approach. Preventive measures, including proactive, social, and situational strategies, can be implemented by tourists, hoteliers, transportation providers, and law enforcement authorities. Crime prevention aligns with social and cultural measures aimed at securing society and addressing the causes and factors contributing to criminal behavior. In crimes against tourists, adopting and implementing preventive measures designed to limit or eliminate opportunities and suitable conditions for committing offenses serves as a foundation for reducing the likelihood of criminal occurrences. Ultimately, crime prevention and the protection of tourists require comprehensive cooperation among governments, international organizations, private entities, and non-governmental organizations. Such cooperation can encompass information exchange, education, strengthening security infrastructure, and raising public awareness to establish a safe environment for tourists. Terrorist attacks have a significant negative impact on the demand for tourism and travel.

State Civil Liability Arising from Regulation

Esmail Sadeghi

, Kourosh Ostvar Sangari *

, Khadijeh Shojaiyan

, Zohre Farokhi

In the contemporary era, the structure of governments has undergone fundamental changes. With the emergence of concepts such as the welfare state, social expectations from governments—particularly in the realm of ensuring public welfare and improving citizens' quality of life—have significantly increased. These transformations reflect the shift of governments from an absolute and authoritative sovereign role to that of a service-oriented and welfare-facilitating entity. Within this framework, service-oriented governments are obligated to create and provide favorable conditions for social welfare, including through the formulation and implementation of effective regulations. Consequently, if governmental regulatory actions result in harm to individuals, the principles of civil liability dictate that the government must assume responsibility and compensate for the damages incurred. It should be noted that state civil liability in the domain of regulation encompasses two aspects: first, inappropriate regulation and the ineffective enforcement of existing regulations; and second, the failure to legislate in areas where regulatory intervention is explicitly required. The present article analyzes state civil liability in this field and examines its various legal and practical dimensions.

About the Journal

Editor-in-Chief: Prof Nahide Konak
Owner: KMAN Research Institute
Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB)
Contact emails:
journalisslp@kmanpub.com
journalisslp@gmail.com
Open access: YES
Peer-review: Yes (Open Peer-review)

Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics (ISSLP) is a forward-thinking academic journal published by KMAN Publication Inc. (Dubai Office) and supported by the Iranian Association for Sociology of Education. It operates on an innovative, open-access platform, offering a peer-reviewed space dedicated to exploring the intricate connections among society, law, and politics.

ISSLP is committed to cultivating a holistic comprehension of how these realms intersect and influence one another. Our objective is to provide a dynamic forum for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers from diverse backgrounds to exchange research findings, theoretical insights, and practical knowledge. Through this exchange, we aim to enrich our collective understanding of societal structures, political dynamics, and legal principles.

Embracing a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary methodologies, ISSLP seeks to foster a robust discourse that transcends conventional academic boundaries. We welcome contributions that are intellectually rigorous yet accessible to a wide audience, thereby promoting a vibrant dialogue that advances scholarly inquiry and societal discourse.

Current Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Serial Number 13

Published: 2025-05-03

Articles

Pathology of Procedural Rules Governing Petty Crimes in the Context of the McDonaldization of the Criminal Justice System

MohammadSaeed Ghanbari Kermanshahi

, Fatemeh Ahadi *

, Babak Pour Ghahramani

196-205
- PDF
Instances of Violations of Fair Trial in Municipal Administrative Courts

Ali Asghar Rezaei

, Hojatollah Ebrahimian *

, Mohammad Ali Kafaeifar

1-9
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Unconsidered Criteria in the Process of Amendments to the Iranian Civil Code

Jalil Aflaki

; Alireza Bariklou *

; Alireza Azarbaijani

10-20
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Analysis of Legal Challenges and Data Protection Strategies in the Era of Artificial Intelligence in the International Legal System

Zahrasadat Naghibzakerin *

; Mitra Shahabsafa

, Mohammadreza Mollahoseini Ardakani

, Kamal Mirzaie

, Seyed Alireza Azimidokht Shooroki

21-38
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Confrontation of Criminal Policy in Iran with Islamic Political Philosophy (The Narrative of Non-existence or Existence of Meaning-Relationship)

Ahmad Ahmadi

; Salman Konani *

; Mohammad mahdi kiani

, Abdolvahid Zahedi

39-48
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Localization of International Criminal Law in Light of Challenges Arising from Conflicts with Sharia Criminal Law

Yaghoub Imeri Eskandari

; Mohammad Ali Kanaani *

; Naghmeh Farhoud

49-58
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Examining the Status of Arbitration in Iranian Law with an Emphasis on Imami Jurisprudence

Fardin Abdoli

; Behnam Habibi Dargah *

; Mitra Zarabi

59-71
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
The Necessity and Permissibility of Arbitration Agreements: A Hermeneutic Approach

Farhad Hashemi

; Ramin Poursaid *

; Mahmoud Qayumzadeh

, Amir Mahmoudi

72-81
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Legal Dimensions of States' Withdrawal from International Organizations with Emphasis on the European Union

Sara Gorgich

; Hossein Alekajbaf *

; Hamid Reza Salehi

82-94
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Comparative Study of the Principle of Personal Jurisdiction in Iranian and French Criminal Law

Abbas Ganjeh Ajirloo

; Seyed Ebrahim Ghodsi *

; Javad Vahedizadeh

95-104
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
The Foundations of Referring to Lex Mercatoria by Arbitrators in International Commercial Contracts

Siroos Heidari *

; Meysam Mobasheri

105-113
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Analyzing the Impact of U.S. Strategy in East Asia on Sino-Japanese Relations

Zeinab Zarei

; Hossein Daheshiar *

; Rahmat Hajimineh

114-127
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Potential Breach in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG - 1980) and Iranian Law

Mehri Shams

; Jamshid Noorshargh *

; Ahmad Shams

, Mehdi Montazer

128-143
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

Mohammad Yasin Yazdani

; Maryam Moradi *

; Sohrab Salahi

144-158
- PDF
Analysis of Principles of Nuclear Damage Compensation in International Conventions and Customary Law

Behrouz Kia

; Saleh Rezaei Pishrobat *

; Mohammad Musazadeh

159-169
- PDF
The Role of Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors in Mental Health Well-being: Insight from Jordan

Ammin Rajab Abu El-Shaer

; ALI HARBI *

; Raghad Waleed Al-Harazneh

170-177
- PDF
Tourism Law and Crime Prevention Measures in the Tourism Industry

Sara Rostami *

; Ramin Faghani

178-188
- PDF
Actions of the Injured Party in Mitigating Damages in the Practice of International Investment Arbitration

Mohammad Rahimi

; Behnam Ensafi Azar *

; Mustafa Mandegar

, Mahsa Hosseini Moghadam

189-195
- PDF

View All Issues

Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics

Norm Internalization of Western Powers (United States, United Kingdom, and France) Regarding Respect for Human Rights in the International Community

The Geopolitical Importance of the Shiite Crescent and Its Future in Global Developments

Retributive Criminal Justice and Recidivism

Possible Legal Protections for Paintings Used in Architecture

Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

Settlement of Disputes in Shared Water Law with an Emphasis on Judicial Precedent

Tourism Law and Crime Prevention Measures in the Tourism Industry

State Civil Liability Arising from Regulation

About the Journal

Current Issue

Articles

Pathology of Procedural Rules Governing Petty Crimes in the Context of the McDonaldization of the Criminal Justice System

Instances of Violations of Fair Trial in Municipal Administrative Courts

Unconsidered Criteria in the Process of Amendments to the Iranian Civil Code

Analysis of Legal Challenges and Data Protection Strategies in the Era of Artificial Intelligence in the International Legal System

Confrontation of Criminal Policy in Iran with Islamic Political Philosophy (The Narrative of Non-existence or Existence of Meaning-Relationship)

Localization of International Criminal Law in Light of Challenges Arising from Conflicts with Sharia Criminal Law

Examining the Status of Arbitration in Iranian Law with an Emphasis on Imami Jurisprudence

The Necessity and Permissibility of Arbitration Agreements: A Hermeneutic Approach

Legal Dimensions of States' Withdrawal from International Organizations with Emphasis on the European Union

Comparative Study of the Principle of Personal Jurisdiction in Iranian and French Criminal Law

The Foundations of Referring to Lex Mercatoria by Arbitrators in International Commercial Contracts

Analyzing the Impact of U.S. Strategy in East Asia on Sino-Japanese Relations

Potential Breach in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG - 1980) and Iranian Law

Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

Analysis of Principles of Nuclear Damage Compensation in International Conventions and Customary Law

The Role of Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors in Mental Health Well-being: Insight from Jordan

Tourism Law and Crime Prevention Measures in the Tourism Industry

Actions of the Injured Party in Mitigating Damages in the Practice of International Investment Arbitration

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