Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics

Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

Mohammad Yasin Yazdani

; Maryam Moradi *

; Sohrab Salahi

This study examines Iran’s diplomatic strategies in port engineering development, assessing how international partnerships and geopolitical dynamics influence maritime infrastructure expansion. The research employs a descriptive analysis method, utilizing qualitative content analysis of academic literature, policy documents, and international trade agreements. Data sources include scholarly articles, government reports, and regional cooperation frameworks published between 2021 and 2025. The study explores Iran’s bilateral and multilateral diplomatic engagements, including partnerships with China, India, and Russia, as well as its participation in regional organizations such as the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The analysis focuses on the impact of sanctions, investment barriers, and technological constraints on Iran’s maritime trade policies and port modernization efforts. The study finds that Iran’s port development is heavily shaped by diplomatic engagements, economic sanctions, and strategic alliances with non-Western partners. While Iran has leveraged agreements with China, India, and Russia to secure infrastructure investment and expand trade corridors, financial and technological limitations continue to hinder full-scale modernization. The role of regional cooperation has been instrumental in maintaining maritime connectivity, but sanctions have restricted Iran’s access to global financial institutions and technological advancements. The analysis also highlights both successful and failed diplomatic negotiations in port expansion, illustrating the challenges and opportunities in Iran’s maritime sector. Iran’s diplomatic approach to port development has allowed it to partially circumvent economic restrictions and integrate into alternative trade networks. Strengthening regional alliances, investing in port technology, and enhancing trade diversification strategies will be essential for long-term economic sustainability and global trade competitiveness.

The Role of Installment Sale in Economic Development and Reduction of Usurious Transactions: An Approach Based on Islamic Jurisprudence and Iranian Law

Yousef Ebrahimi *

; Jalal Soltan Ahmadi

, Ebrahim Taghizadeh

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.3.3.18

Installment sale, as one of the key financial instruments in the economic system, holds a significant position in Iranian law and international instruments. This type of transaction, in which the payment of the price is made gradually and in installments, has long been utilized in economic exchanges and has recently been proposed as an alternative to interest-based financial systems. In Islamic jurisprudence, installment sale is considered legitimate due to the mutual agreement of the parties on the final price from the outset and is recognized as a non-usurious method of financing. Although Iranian law does not provide an independent definition of this type of sale, the general rules of contracts and certain banking regulations have outlined its legitimacy and implementation framework. The aim of this study is to examine the position of installment sale in the Iranian legal system and compare it with international instruments. In this regard, by analyzing the jurisprudential and legal foundations, the impacts of this type of transaction on economic development and the reduction of usurious transactions were evaluated. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical, and data were collected through library research and document analysis. The findings revealed that installment sale contributes to economic growth by increasing purchasing power, strengthening the market, and supporting entrepreneurship. Moreover, this type of transaction reduces dependency on usurious loans and, if properly implemented, can serve as a suitable alternative to interest-based financial systems. The results of this study indicate that installment sale can lead to business prosperity, facilitate access to goods and services, and enhance transparency in the banking system. However, challenges such as stringent conditions for granting installment facilities, the requirement for substantial collateral, and the determination of disproportionate profit rates have reduced the efficiency of this method in Iran. To promote installment sale, it seems necessary to amend relevant laws, facilitate the conditions for granting facilities, and promote Islamic banking based on this type of transaction. Finally, it is recommended that by drawing on successful banking systems in Islamic countries, a clear framework for installment sale be developed, and this method be used as a practical alternative to usurious facilities in Iran.

Development of Capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil in the Foreign Policy Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Jafar Farhadi

; Hadi Azimi Garakani *

; Seyed Ali Pourmanouchehri

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.18

The enhancement of capabilities and resistance to domination has contributed to the development of the country. The necessity of "developing capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil in the foreign policy authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran" is the motivation for examining this subject. Alliances, the export of knowledge-based products, and strengthening resistance are the indicators under investigation. The research question is: "How is the development of capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil related to the foreign policy authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection tool is note-taking. Findings showed that resisting domination and developing power in scientific production, the nuclear and space industries, the export of knowledge-based products, and modern technologies have been effective in the foreign policy authority of Iran, resulting in the dignity of Muslims and support for the oppressed. Expanding relations with key countries, Latin America, and Africa has been effective and has increased the scope of exports. In the resistance front, it has contributed to the power of Lebanon, the liberation of Iraq and Syria from ISIS domination, and the freedom of Yemen from fragmentation and occupation, imposing its will on hostile states and enhancing deterrence, authority, and the growth and development of the Islamic system.

The Role and Responsibilities of the Government Regarding the Right to Health and Freedom with Emphasis on the Right to Access Medicine and Vaccines for Citizens

Salaheddin Karimi

; Javanmir Abdolahi *

; Arkan Sharifi

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.3.1.18

The aim of this article is to examine the role and responsibilities of the government in relation to the right to health and freedom, with a focus on the right to access medicine and vaccines for citizens. The data collection method was library and documentary-based, and the information was gathered through note-taking. The data analysis method was descriptive-analytical. The right to health and freedom are closely interconnected, such that freedom creates the foundation for the realization of the right to health. Governments have an obligation to ensure both the realization of the right to health and the protection of the freedom of individuals in the context of healthcare and medical services. People have the autonomy to choose the type of hospital, treating physician, and medicines and vaccines for prevention and health-related issues, allowing them to make choices freely. This freedom of choice is contingent upon the availability of necessary conditions and facilities within the country. These issues are linked to the government's commitment to providing essential medicines, vaccines, medical services, and increasing the number of specialized physicians. The more healthcare centers there are, and correspondingly, the more specialized personnel (such as nurses and doctors) are available to serve the population, the better the quality of services. As a result, individuals will have more opportunities to make free choices. The realization of the right to health is more apparent when individuals have greater freedom in their choices, both in terms of hospitals and specialized physicians. There are instances where a conflict or contradiction exists between the right to health and freedom. This situation arises when the number of healthcare centers, physicians, and healthcare personnel is inadequate relative to the defined population. In such cases, patients have a limited range of choices. Moreover, in Iran, there is a conflict between private and public healthcare centers, particularly in terms of the type and quality of services provided by these institutions, and even the manner in which physicians treat patients. Governments are obligated to provide the necessary facilities to ensure access to appropriate medicines and vaccines for citizens. Medicines and vaccines must be sufficiently available to ensure that citizens can freely access them in any region. Additionally, governments have a responsibility to increase the number of healthcare centers and promote private sector involvement to ensure that the number of healthcare facilities and medical staff increases, enabling citizens to receive better services.

Feasibility of the Impact of Alimony for Poverty on Social Justice in Turkish Law

Marziyeh Salehi

; Saeid Mahjoub *

; Seyed Mahdi Mirdadashi

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.17

One of the obligations of marriage in Turkish law is the provision of alimony between spouses. The legislator has stipulated that alimony for poverty between spouses, regulated by Article 175 of the Turkish Civil Code, continues after divorce due to ethical and social considerations. It should be noted that alimony for poverty has various effects on the perspectives of individuals in Turkish society, to the extent that some men view themselves as indebted to their wives for life, which exacerbates social justice issues. On the other hand, the dowry in Turkey is not considered a financial obligation or legal right for women, and in the event of divorce, women do not have the right to claim it. In other words, the dowry in Turkey is more symbolic and customary in nature and lacks strong enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to examine the financial burden alimony can impose on spouses in Turkey to address this issue from the perspective of social justice. This study utilizes an analytical-descriptive method and a library-based approach to investigate the feasibility of the impact of alimony for poverty on social justice in Turkish law. The findings indicate that Turkey’s legal system, by adopting a secular approach in legislation, seeks to achieve social justice and gender equality, but due to the society’s Muslim background, this has led to conflicts and numerous problems.

Unconsidered Criteria in the Process of Amendments to the Iranian Civil Code

Jalil Aflaki

; Alireza Bariklou *

; Alireza Azarbaijani

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the Iranian Civil Code underwent amendments in the field of contract law to align with Islamic legal principles. These amendments addressed three significant issues: the presumption of legal capacity and the age of contractual capacity, transactions intended to evade debt payment, and compensation for delayed payment of monetary obligations. However, these amendments have not been particularly effective. Using an analytical and descriptive method, this article demonstrates that crucial criteria, such as the definitive contradiction of previous laws with Islamic legal principles, seriousness, uniformity, and the anticipation of the consequences of the amended law, were not considered. As a result, not only did these amendments fail to strengthen contractual relationships, but they also made them more unstable.

Socio-Economic Transformations in Iran and India (1857–1904) in Alignment with the Modernization Project

Vahid Farshbaf Rashidi

, Malek Zolghadr *

, Abolfazl Lotfizadeh

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.10

The primary objective of the present article is to examine the socio-economic transformations in Iran and India from 1857 to 1904 in alignment with the theory or project of modernization. The author investigates whether the trajectory of socio-economic transformations in Iran and India during the second half of the 18th century was a path toward modernization. In response to this question, the hypothesis proposed suggests that the transformations in India and Iran indicate that India, influenced by governmental approaches, exhibited a greater inclination toward a modernizing transition—such as the establishment of universities, railways, and other infrastructure—compared to Iran. This hypothesis considers intervening factors that either facilitated or hindered transformations, such as the role of the state and reference groups, as dependent variables influenced by differing dynamics in Iran and India. The author's analysis reveals that modernization efforts were undertaken in both Iran and India. However, in Iran, these changes were short-lived, whereas in colonial India, modernization initiatives—such as the construction of a nationwide railway system, extensive irrigation canals, and the establishment of universities—were integrated into global modernization trends. In contrast, in Iran, the changes did not endure and were largely limited to newspaper publications and the establishment of a few schools. It appears that several factors contributed to either the advancement or stagnation of modernization in ostensibly independent Iran, with the state's structure and function, as well as the role of reference groups, playing a central role. In India, the British Viceroyalty governed, and while intellectuals resisted the colonial regime, they simultaneously supported its civilizational approach. In contrast, in Iran, progress remained largely framed within a traditionalist paradigm.

Content Analysis of Upstream Policy Documents in Cyberspace

Roya Seddighi

, Akbar Nasrollahi *

, Mastooreh Ezzatzadeh

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.5

The role of cyberspace is so significant and fundamental that activities in all aspects of society are impossible without it. In this context, upstream policy documents in this industry play a crucial role in determining its trajectory. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of upstream policy documents of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace. A total of four upstream and specific policy documents were selected and analyzed. Through data analysis, a total of 351 focal points and 66 categories emerged at different levels of the documents. The findings of this study indicate that 81 focal points and 30 categories emerged at various levels of the documents. Additionally, a communication map illustrating the relationships among multiple categories within the documents at different levels has been developed and presented in the form of a comprehensive diagram depicting key indicators related to the national cyberspace framework.

About the Journal

Editor-in-Chief: Prof Nahide Konak
Owner: KMAN Research Institute
Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB)
Contact emails:
journalisslp@kmanpub.com
journalisslp@gmail.com
Open access: YES
Peer-review: Yes (Open Peer-review)

Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics (ISSLP) is a forward-thinking academic journal published by KMAN Publication Inc. (Dubai Office) and supported by the Iranian Association for Sociology of Education. It operates on an innovative, open-access platform, offering a peer-reviewed space dedicated to exploring the intricate connections among society, law, and politics.

ISSLP is committed to cultivating a holistic comprehension of how these realms intersect and influence one another. Our objective is to provide a dynamic forum for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers from diverse backgrounds to exchange research findings, theoretical insights, and practical knowledge. Through this exchange, we aim to enrich our collective understanding of societal structures, political dynamics, and legal principles.

Embracing a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary methodologies, ISSLP seeks to foster a robust discourse that transcends conventional academic boundaries. We welcome contributions that are intellectually rigorous yet accessible to a wide audience, thereby promoting a vibrant dialogue that advances scholarly inquiry and societal discourse.

Current Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Serial Number 12

Published: 2025-02-26

Articles

Solutions to Remove Interferences and Supervisions Inconsistent with the Independence of the Legal Profession in Light of International Mechanisms and the French Legal System

Ali Akbar Shahnazari Karbasoraei

; Valiollah Ansari *

; Azizollah Fazli

1-12
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.1
A Sociological Perspective on an Engineering Issue: Social Consequences of Water Transfer Projects in the Province of Origin

Amir Jafari Azad

, Khalil Mirzaei *

, Seifolah Seifollahi

13-23
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.2
Civil and Political Rights of Minorities in Iraq After 2003

Fadhil Abbas Sabah Al-Kuraiti

, Bahram Montazeri *

, Khalid Oleiwi Jiad

, Mohammadreza Agharebparast

24-30
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.3
Study of Opportunities and Challenges of Cyberspace and Its Impact on Cybercrimes in the Armed Forces of Iran

Mohammad Amirmohammadi

, Saleh Abdinejad *

, Alireza shokrbeigi

31-49
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.4
Content Analysis of Upstream Policy Documents in Cyberspace

Roya Seddighi

, Akbar Nasrollahi *

, Mastooreh Ezzatzadeh

50-55
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.5
Analysis of Economic-Social Development Programs During the Second Pahlavi Era Based on Samuel Huntington's Theory

Soheila Shah Veisi

; Asghar Partovi *

; Mehdi Khoshkhati

56-66
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.6
The Logical Relationship Between National Interests and Ideology in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Mahan Maleki

, Jahanbakhsh Izadi *

, Hojjatollah Darvishpour

, Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani

67-78
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.7
Telemedicine Civil Liability in the Legal Systems of Leading Countries

Reza Rastegar

; Mohammad Bagher Fijan *

; Dariush Babaei

79-87
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.8
Socio-Economic Transformations in Iran and India (1857–1904) in Alignment with the Modernization Project

Vahid Farshbaf Rashidi

, Malek Zolghadr *

, Abolfazl Lotfizadeh

104-111
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.10
Examining the Core Elements of Popper's Falsifiability Perspective and Their Compatibility

Farrouz Atai

; Mohammad Akvan *

; Mehdi Najafi Afra

112-127
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.11
A Comparative Study of Acceptable Judicial Proceedings in French and English Law and Its Realization in Iran

Adel Naseri

, Mahdi Firoozabadian *

, Ahmad Fadavi

, Hossein Rahmani

128-136
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.12
Legal and Economic Analysis of Municipal Contracts Regarding Urban Services

Javad Razavi Golchini

; Abdolhamid Mortazavi *

; Mehdi fallah Khariki

137-140
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.13
Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of Organ Donation by Death Row Inmates

Ahmad Heydari

; Hassan Heydari *

; Hormoz Asadi Kohbad

141-147
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.14
Civil Liability Arising from Imposing Sanctions on International Trade Against Iran

Atefeh Hazegh

; Akram Tajik *

; Zahra Tajari Moazeni

148-158
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.15
Conflict of Interest in Governance Based on the New Islamic Civilization Model: Considering Public Law Principles

Khairollah Parvin *

; Amirhossein Khorshidi Organi

159-169
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.16
Feasibility of the Impact of Alimony for Poverty on Social Justice in Turkish Law

Marziyeh Salehi

; Saeid Mahjoub *

; Seyed Mahdi Mirdadashi

170-179
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.17
Development of Capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil in the Foreign Policy Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Jafar Farhadi

; Hadi Azimi Garakani *

; Seyed Ali Pourmanouchehri

180-190
- PDF
- SUMMARY AUDIO
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.18
Analysis of Sexual Disorders as a Cause for Seeking Divorce

Atiyeh Eskandari *

; Zahrasadat Mirhashemi

, Fariba Hajiali

View All Issues

Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics

Examining Iran's Diplomatic Relations from the Perspective of Port Engineering Development

The Role of Installment Sale in Economic Development and Reduction of Usurious Transactions: An Approach Based on Islamic Jurisprudence and Iranian Law

Development of Capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil in the Foreign Policy Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Role and Responsibilities of the Government Regarding the Right to Health and Freedom with Emphasis on the Right to Access Medicine and Vaccines for Citizens

Feasibility of the Impact of Alimony for Poverty on Social Justice in Turkish Law

Unconsidered Criteria in the Process of Amendments to the Iranian Civil Code

Socio-Economic Transformations in Iran and India (1857–1904) in Alignment with the Modernization Project

Content Analysis of Upstream Policy Documents in Cyberspace

About the Journal

Current Issue

Articles

Solutions to Remove Interferences and Supervisions Inconsistent with the Independence of the Legal Profession in Light of International Mechanisms and the French Legal System

A Sociological Perspective on an Engineering Issue: Social Consequences of Water Transfer Projects in the Province of Origin

Civil and Political Rights of Minorities in Iraq After 2003

Study of Opportunities and Challenges of Cyberspace and Its Impact on Cybercrimes in the Armed Forces of Iran

Content Analysis of Upstream Policy Documents in Cyberspace

Analysis of Economic-Social Development Programs During the Second Pahlavi Era Based on Samuel Huntington's Theory

The Logical Relationship Between National Interests and Ideology in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Telemedicine Civil Liability in the Legal Systems of Leading Countries

Socio-Economic Transformations in Iran and India (1857–1904) in Alignment with the Modernization Project

Examining the Core Elements of Popper's Falsifiability Perspective and Their Compatibility

A Comparative Study of Acceptable Judicial Proceedings in French and English Law and Its Realization in Iran

Legal and Economic Analysis of Municipal Contracts Regarding Urban Services

Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of Organ Donation by Death Row Inmates

Civil Liability Arising from Imposing Sanctions on International Trade Against Iran

Conflict of Interest in Governance Based on the New Islamic Civilization Model: Considering Public Law Principles

Feasibility of the Impact of Alimony for Poverty on Social Justice in Turkish Law

Development of Capabilities and Nafy al-Sabil in the Foreign Policy Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Analysis of Sexual Disorders as a Cause for Seeking Divorce

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