Examining the Role of Transparency and Accountability Frameworks in Reducing Conflicts of Interest in Iran’s Health Sector

Alireza Sharifi; Hossein Sadeghi; Vali  Rostami

Authors

Alireza Sharifi PhD student in Public Law, Department of Law, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5417-3526
Hossein Sadeghi PhD student in Public Law, Department of Law, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-6177
Vali Rostami Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-886X

Keywords:

conflict of interest, transparency, accountability, health system, health law, health policy, resource management

Abstract

Conflict of interest constitutes one of the fundamental challenges facing Iran’s health system, with consequences that not only threaten public health but also contribute to resource waste and diminished public trust. This study aimed to examine the role of structured transparency and accountability frameworks in mitigating and managing such conflicts and to propose practical and policy-oriented strategies for addressing them. The findings indicated that existing gaps in the legal and administrative systems—particularly the absence of clear regulations governing asset disclosure, weak oversight mechanisms, and ineffective accountability arrangements—represent some of the most significant barriers to effective conflict-of-interest management. Conversely, establishing public systems for the registration and disclosure of conflicts of interest, enhancing transparency in procurement and tendering processes, publicly disclosing board decisions, and implementing clear mechanisms for reporting violations and imposing effective sanctions were identified as key transparency and accountability measures. Accordingly, integrating transparency and accountability frameworks as complementary strategies can play a pivotal role in preventing, identifying, and mitigating conflicts of interest. The development and implementation of a “National Transparency and Accountability Framework for the Health System” is therefore recommended as a fundamental priority in health policy.

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