Evaluation of the Comprehensiveness and Efficiency of the Legal System of the World Trade Organization in Energy Trade Management with an Emphasis on Oil and Gas

Abstract

The World Trade Organization (WTO), as a fundamental international institution, plays a pivotal role in managing energy trade by facilitating and regulating global trade laws. Through the formulation of legal and regulatory frameworks, this organization aims to establish equal and fair conditions for all member states and to support free energy trade, particularly in the oil and gas sectors. The present study, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the subject of "Evaluation of the Comprehensiveness and Efficiency of the Legal System of the World Trade Organization in Energy Trade Management with an Emphasis on Oil and Gas." The findings of the study indicate that, on the one hand, the WTO faces challenges due to discrepancies in the national laws of different countries and non-tariff trade barriers, which can lead to inconsistencies in the implementation of free trade principles. On the other hand, environmental issues and climate change policies also affect the organization's efficiency, as countries may enact regulations for environmental purposes that indirectly restrict energy trade. Additionally, international interactions and cooperation with regional entities such as the European Union and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) create challenges in decision-making and the interpretation of regulations, potentially exacerbating tensions between energy-producing and consuming nations. Ultimately, to enhance the efficiency of the WTO in this domain, there is a need for continuous revision of existing rules and mechanisms, as well as the establishment of effective synergy among member states. Such measures would enable the organization to effectively address the complex and diverse challenges in energy trade.