Challenges in Realizing Civil Liability in Robotic Technology

Abstract

The use of advanced technologies such as robots and artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding, and we are now witnessing the emergence of autonomous robots that act independently of the will of their creators or stakeholders. This shift includes transformations in the understanding of criminal liability and innovative approaches to punishment. This article, written using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to examine and analyze some of the current challenges associated with highly sophisticated AI-enabled autonomous robots, as well as potential challenges that may arise in the future, particularly if AI and robotics are developed and utilized on a large scale. Based on interpretive evidence, it is concluded that if robots commit harmful actions or omissions, legal liability for compensating the damage arises. In such cases, the human agent controlling the robot is obligated to provide compensation under the "respect" theory. This means that, as robots lack legal or natural personhood and cannot independently bear responsibility for damages, the burden falls on humans. This underscores the necessity of considering ethical and legal dimensions in the design and use of robots. Furthermore, it highlights the need for appropriate legal frameworks to support users and ensure robots are under control. For example, in cases where robots cause harm to individuals or property, determining who should be held accountable can be challenging. Therefore, the development of clear and comprehensive laws in this field is essential to protect the rights of all parties and ensure social justice.